NCERT Solutions for Social Economics Class 10 Chapter 4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10
Social Science (Economics)
Chapter 4 – Globalisation and the Indian Economy
1. What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.
Answer: The term “globalization” refers to the process of integrating a country’s economy with the economies of other countries under the conditions of free trade, money, and people move across national borders.
It involves
(i) An increase in international trade.
(ii) The export and import of products manufactured and associated techniques.
(iii) Capital and financial flows from one country to another.
(iv) Human migration from one country to another.
2. What was the reason for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?
Answer: To protect indigenous producers from international competition, the Indian government erected barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment, especially when industries were only starting to emerge in the 1950s and 1960s. Import competition would have been a death blow to expanding industry at the time. As a result, India only authorised imports of necessary products.
The government wanted to abolish these obstacles in 1991’s New Economic Policy because it believed domestic producers were ready to compete with foreign companies.
Foreign competition, it was believed, would actually increase the quality of goods produced by Indian industry. This judgment was also backed by a number of influential international organisations.
3. How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
Answer: Companies will be more competitive and progressive if labour rules are more flexible. Companies can negotiate compensation and fire employees based on market factors if labour rules are relaxed. The company’s competitiveness will improve as a result of this.
4. What are the various ways in which MNCs set up, or control, production in other countries?
Answer: Multinational Corporations (MNCs) locate their factories or production units in markets where they can obtain the appropriate type of skilled or unskilled labour, as well
As other production inputs, at affordable costs. MNCs establish production units in the following methods after ensuring these conditions:
- In collaboration with a few current country’s local businesses.
- Purchase local businesses and use contemporary technology to expand their operations.
- They place orders with small producers and offer the products to customers all over the world under their own brand name.
5. Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?
Answer: Developed countries desire developing countries to liberalise trade and investment so that their multinational corporations (MNCs) can set up factories in less-expensive developing countries and enhance profits with reduced production costs and the same selling price.
In exchange, emerging countries should seek some form of protection for native producers against import competition, in my opinion. Charges should also be imposed on multinational corporations trying to establish a presence in developing countries.
6. “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
Answer: “Globalisation has not had a uniform impact.” It has benefited only trained and professional people in cities, not the unskilled. Globalisation has benefited the industrial and service sectors far more than agriculture. It benefited multinational corporations at the expense of domestic producers and the industrial working class. Competition from cheaper imports has affected small producers of goods including batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, tyres, dairy products, and vegetable oil.
7. How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?
Answer: Liberalization of trade and investment policies has aided globalisation by facilitating cross-border commerce and investment. To protect indigenous industry, numerous emerging countries had previously erected obstacles and restrictions on foreign imports and investments. These countries, on the other hand, have lowered the obstacles in order to boost the quality of their local commodities. As a result, liberalisation has aided the development of globalisation by allowing enterprises to make their own import and export decisions. As a result, national economies have become more integrated into a single composite whole.
8. How does foreign trade lead to an integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example.
Answer: Foreign trade allows both manufacturers and consumers to enter markets outside of their own countries. Merchandise is transported from one country to another. Competition reigns supreme among producers from many countries, as well as purchasers. As a result, cross-border trade leads to market integration.
During the Diwali season, for example, Indian shoppers can choose between Indian and Chinese ornamental lights and bulbs. As a result, this presents an opportunity to grow your business.
9. Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer: After twenty years, the globe will have undergone a positive transformation characterised by healthy rivalry, improved production efficiency, increased volume of output, revenue, and employment, higher living standards, and greater access to information and contemporary technology.
The following are the reasons for the above-mentioned points of view. These are the factors that favour globalisation:
- Human resource availability, both in terms of quantity and quality.
- Major countries have a diverse resource and industrial base.
- Increasing the number of entrepreneurs
- Domestic market is expanding.
10. Supposing you find two people arguing: One is saying globalisation has hurt our country’s development. The other is telling, globalisation is helping India develop. How would you respond to these organisations?
Answer: India’s benefits of globalisation include:
An increase in the number of commodities and services traded.
Private foreign capital inflows and the economy’s export orientation
Increases output volume, income, and employment.
Globalization’s negative impact or fears include:
- It could not be helpful in generating long-term growth.
- It has the potential to widen income disparities between countries.
- It has the potential to exacerbate income disparities within countries.
Whatever concerns there may be about globalization, I believe it is now a process that is attracting the attention of an increasing number of countries. As a result, we must learn to accept globalization gracefully while still maximizing economic rewards from the global market.
11. Fill in the blanks.
Answer: Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of globalisation. Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing trade and commerce with other countries. Moreover, the rising number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India. MNCs are investing in India because of the low cost of production. While consumers have more choices in the market, the effect of rising demand and purchasing capacity has meant greater competitive index among the producers.
12. Match the following.
| (i) MNCs buy at cheap rates from small producers | (a). Automobiles |
| (ii) Quotas and taxes on imports are used to regulate trade | (b). Garments, footwear, sports items |
| (iii) Indian companies who have invested abroad | (c). Call centres |
| (iv) IT helped in spreading of production of services | (d). Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy |
| (v) Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories in India for production | (e). Trade barriers |
Answer:
| (i) MNCs buy at cheap rates from small producers | (b). Garments, footwear, sports items |
| (ii) Quotas and taxes on imports are used to regulate trade | (e). Trade barriers |
| (iii) Indian companies who have invested abroad | (d) Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy |
| (iv) IT helped in spreading of production of services | (c) Call centres |
| (v) Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories in India for production | (a). Automobiles |
13. Choose the most appropriate option.
(i) The past two decades of globalisation has seen rapid movements in
(a) goods, services, and people between countries.
(b) goods, services, and investments between countries.
(c) goods, investments, and people between countries.
Answer: (b) goods, services, and investments between countries.
This is due to the rapid impact of globalisation.
(ii) The most common route for investments by MNCs in countries around the world is to
(a) set up new factories.
(b) buy existing local companies.
(c) form partnerships with local companies.
Answer: (b) buy existing local companies.
MNCs purchase local companies and use contemporary technology to expand their operations.
