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NCERT Class 9 Geography | Ch 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife – Complete Solutions

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Complete NCERT Solutions (Exercise) | CBSE Class 9 Social Science Geography
NCERT Exercise: Choose the Right Answer
1(i)1 markNCERT Page 47
To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer: (d) Tropical Evergreen.
1(ii)1 markNCERT Page 47
Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than:
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Answer: (a) 100 cm.
1(iii)1 markNCERT Page 47
In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer: (c) Odisha.
1(iv)1 markNCERT Page 47
Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio-reserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Panna
Answer: (a) Manas.
Brief Answer Questions
2(i)2 marksNCERT Page 47
What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer: A bio-reserve, or biosphere reserve, is a protected area meant for the conservation of biodiversity, including plants, animals and microorganisms in their natural environment. It helps protect ecosystems, wildlife and traditional ways of life.

Examples: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve.
2(ii)2 marksNCERT Page 47
Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer:
Tropical vegetation: Elephant and monkey are commonly found in tropical forests.
Montane vegetation: Snow leopard and yak are found in montane forests and high-altitude regions.
Distinguish Between
3(i)3 marksNCERT Page 47
Distinguish between Flora and Fauna.
Answer:
Flora Fauna
Flora refers to the plant life of a particular region or period. Fauna refers to the animal life of a particular region or period.
It includes trees, shrubs, grasses, herbs, algae and other plant species. It includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and other animal species.
Examples include neem, sal, teak, bamboo and rosewood. Examples include tiger, elephant, deer, peacock and snow leopard.
3(ii)3 marksNCERT Page 47
Distinguish between Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests.
Answer:
Tropical Evergreen Forests Tropical Deciduous Forests
These forests are found in areas receiving heavy rainfall, generally more than 200 cm. These forests are found in areas receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm.
They remain green throughout the year because there is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves. Trees shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks during the dry summer season.
They have dense, multilayered vegetation with trees, shrubs and creepers. They are comparatively less dense and are also called monsoon forests.
Important trees include ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona. Important trees include teak, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair and bamboo.
Long Answer Questions
45 marksNCERT Page 47
Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer: The major types of natural vegetation found in India are:
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests

Vegetation of high altitudes: In mountainous areas, natural vegetation changes with altitude because temperature decreases as height increases. Between 1000 and 2000 metres, wet temperate forests with evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts are found. Between 1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests with coniferous trees such as pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar are common. At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are found. Above about 3600 metres, alpine vegetation appears, including silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. Near the snow-line, these trees become stunted and finally give way to shrubs, scrubs, mosses and lichens.
55 marksNCERT Page 47
Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer: Many species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of the excessive exploitation of natural resources by human beings. Forests have been cut recklessly to bring more land under cultivation, settlement, industries and infrastructure. Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes has also threatened many animal species.

Other causes include pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits, introduction of alien species and disturbance of natural habitats. These activities disturb the ecological balance and reduce the natural habitats of plants and animals. As a result, many plant and animal species have become endangered, and some have even become extinct.
65 marksNCERT Page 47
Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer: India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna because of its great physical and climatic diversity. The country has mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, coastal areas and islands, which provide different natural habitats for plants and animals.

India also has a wide range of climate conditions, rainfall patterns, soil types and altitude zones. These variations support different types of vegetation such as tropical evergreen forests, deciduous forests, thorn forests, montane forests and mangrove forests. Since each vegetation region supports different animal species, India has a rich variety of wildlife. This diversity makes India one of the important mega-biodiversity countries of the world.
Map Skills
MapActivityNCERT Page 47
On an outline map of India, label the following:
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry Deciduous Forests
(iii) Two national parks each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western parts of the country
Answer: This is a map-based activity. Students should label the given forest regions and national parks on an outline map of India with the help of the textbook map or an atlas.

Suggested examples:
Northern India: Jim Corbett National Park, Dachigam National Park
Southern India: Bandipur National Park, Periyar National Park
Eastern India: Simlipal National Park, Kaziranga National Park
Western India: Gir National Park, Desert National Park
Project / Activity
ActivityProjectNCERT Page 47
(i) Find some trees in your neighbourhood having medicinal values.
(ii) Find ten occupations getting raw material from forests and wildlife.
(iii) Write a poem or paragraph showing the importance of wildlife.
(iv) Write the script of a street play giving the importance of tree plantation and try to enact it in your locality.
(v) Plant a tree either on your birthday or one of your family member’s birthday. Note the growth of the tree and notice in which season it grows faster.
NCERT Activity: This is a project-based activity. Students should complete it through local observation, discussion, map work and field-based learning. They may identify medicinal plants such as neem, tulsi, babool, jamun and arjun, list forest-based occupations such as carpentry, paper-making, honey collection, bamboo craft and herbal medicine preparation, and prepare creative work showing the importance of wildlife and tree plantation.

Study materials

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