Chapter 6: Population

Answer: (c) both the area of departure and arrival.

Answer: (a) high birth rates.

Answer: (b) the number of persons added each year.

Answer: (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding.

Answer: The rate of population growth in India is declining since 1981 because birth rates have started declining gradually. This decline is due to the spread of education, better awareness of family planning, delayed marriage, improved health services, availability of contraceptives and government efforts to promote responsible parenthood.

Answer: The major components of population growth are birth rate, death rate and migration.

Birth rate: Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of population growth because birth rates increase the population.
Death rate: Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. A decline in death rate increases population growth when birth rate remains high.
Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It may be internal, within a country, or international, between countries. Migration changes the size, distribution and composition of population.

Answer:
Age structure: Age structure refers to the distribution of population among different age groups, such as children, working-age population and aged population.
Death rate: Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
Birth rate: Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.

Answer: Migration is a determinant factor of population change because it changes the number, distribution and composition of population. Migration may be internal, within a country, or international, between countries. Internal migration does not change the total population size of a country, but it changes the distribution of population within the country. Migration also affects the age and sex composition of rural and urban populations.

Answer:

Answer: Occupational structure refers to the distribution of population according to different types of occupations. It is closely related to the level of development of a country.

In less developed countries, a higher proportion of people are engaged in primary activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fishing. As a country develops, more people shift to secondary activities such as manufacturing and construction. In highly developed countries, a large proportion of people are engaged in tertiary activities such as banking, transport, communication, trade, administration and other services.

Answer: A healthy population is an important asset for a country. Healthy people are more productive, energetic and capable of contributing to economic and social development. A healthy population reduces the burden on medical services and improves the quality of human resources. Good health helps people realise their potential and participate effectively in national development.

Answer: The National Population Policy 2000 provides a policy framework for population control, family welfare and improvement of health standards. Its significant features are:

(i) It provides for free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age.
(ii) It aims to reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
(iii) It aims to achieve universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases.
(iv) It promotes delayed marriage for girls.
(v) It makes family welfare a people-centred programme.
(vi) It addresses the needs of adolescents, including nutrition, protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.

NCERT Activity: The questionnaire should contain minimum five questions. Questions should relate to students, their family members, their class performance, their health, etc. Each student is required to fill in the questionnaire. Compile the information in numerical terms, in terms of percentage. Present the information through pie-chart, bar-diagram or in any other way.